Mastering Effective Leadership

Effective leadership is not about flashy titles or exerting authority over others; it's about fostering collaboration, trust, and growth within a team. A true leader is someone who listens actively, communicates transparently, and leads by example. By building strong relationships and empowering team members, a leader can inspire others to achieve their full potential.

Leadership isn't just about making decisions or giving orders; it's about guiding and supporting individuals to collectively achieve a common goal. Through empathy, humility, and adaptability, a leader can create a positive work environment where everyone feels valued and motivated. Ultimately, effective leadership is not about being in charge but taking care of those in your charge.

**Unlocking Your Financial Wellness**

Are you looking to take control of your financial well-being? It’s essential to start with a solid plan tailored to your goals. Begin by assessing your current financial situation - track your income, expenses, and debts. Understanding where your money goes is the first step towards building a financial foundation.

Once you have a clear picture of your finances, set achievable goals and create a budget that aligns with those objectives. Remember, small changes in your daily habits can lead to significant financial progress over time. By making informed decisions and staying committed to your financial plan, you can unlock a future of financial stability and peace of mind.

The Gabarée Family Chocolate Babka Recipe

This rich chocolate babka is the perfect, comforting treat. It has rich brioche dough and a silky-smooth modified chocolate ganache as a filling. Adapted from Jerusalem: A Cookbook by Yotam Ottolenghi and Sami Tamimi.

Prep Time: 2 hours 
Cook Time: 35 minutes 
Chilling time: 12 hours 
Total Time: 14 hours 35 minutes 
Yield: 2 loaves

Ingredients

Tools and Miscellaneous:

Food scale (if available)

Measuring cup

Tablespoon

Teaspoon

Stand mixer with dough hook

Hand mixer

Spatula to scrape down the sides of the bowl when mixing the dough

Olive Oil to coat the bowl for when the dough is proofing

Plastic wrap to cover the dough bowl when proofing

Serrated knife

Two 9×5-inch bread pans

Butter for the sides of the bread pans 

Parchment paper for the bottoms of the bread pans

Offset spatula (preferred) or a regular one if an offset spatula is not available to spread chocolate filling

Brioche: 

4⅜ cups (530 g) all-purpose flour, plus extra for dusting 

½ cup (100 g) granulated sugar 

1 tablespoon (14 g) instant dry yeast 

3 large eggs 

½ cup (118 ml) water 

1 teaspoon (6 g) fine sea salt (do not use if butter is salted)

⅔ cup (150 g) unsalted butter, cut into small slices and softened to room temperature

Olive Oil to coat the bowl for when the dough is proofing

Butter for the bread pans 

Parchment paper for the bread pans

Chocolate Filling (modified chocolate ganache): 

200g (7 oz.) 70% dark chocolate 

½ cup (115 g) salted butter 

½ cup (60 g) powdered sugar 

⅓ cup (80 ml) heavy cream 

⅓ cup (50 g) unsweetened cacao powder 

Sugar Syrup: 

½ cup (118 ml) water 

½ cup (100 g) granulated sugar 

Instructions

Make the Dough:
Using a hand mixer, cream the butter and sugar together. Using the same hand mixer, mix the eggs with the creamed butter and sugar. Heat the water to between 105F and 112F. Mix yeast into the heated water using a fork.

Place flour, sugar, yeast, and salt in a standing mixer fitted with a dough hook and mix on low speed until combined. Add the water/yeast mixture and continue to mix on low speed until incorporated. The dough will be mostly dry and crumbly at this point. Add the creamed butter/sugar/egg mixture and mix on medium speed until the dough comes together, 2-3 minutes. Continue mixing for about 10 minutes on medium speed until the dough is completely smooth, elastic, and shiny. It will look soft and might be sticky – that’s ok. During mixing, you will need to scrape down the sides of the bowl.

With floured hands, transfer dough to a large mixing bowl brushed with olive oil, cover with plastic wrap, and leave in the refrigerator to proof for at least half a day or overnight. The dough may not look like it has risen much, but that's okay. If placed for a long time in the fridge, the dough can become hard; that’s also okay; leave it at room temperature until it’s easy to work with, usually around 30-60 minutes.

Grease two loaf pans (I usually use 9×5-inch pans, but a bit smaller or larger pans would also work), butter the sides of each pan, and line the bottoms with parchment paper for easy release later. Set aside.

Make the Filling:
In a double boiler (or medium saucepan with an aluminum bowl resting over it), bring water to a full boil. Place chocolate, butter, heavy cream, cocoa powder, and sugar into the top bowl. Lower the heat to moderate and melt together the contents of the top bowl, mixing frequently with a spatula. The mixture will have a fudgy look and consistency at this point. Reduce the heat to low and continue to mix until fully melted and completely smooth. Set aside the bowl to cool. It will thicken and become spreadable as it cools. You can also place it in the refrigerator briefly until you get a spreadable consistency.

Roll and Shape the Dough:
Divide the dough in half. Roll out the dough with a rolling pin on a lightly floured surface, and shape it into a rectangle measuring 16×12 inches (40×30 cm) and 0.25 inches (0.64 cm) thick. Fold the dough onto itself until it is about 25% it's original rolled-out size. Roll the dough out again, shaping it into a rectangle measuring 16×12 inches (40×30 cm) and 0.25 inches (0.64 cm) thick. Repeat the folding and rolling process one more time. Now position the dough so that the long side is closest to you. Repeat the above process for the other half of the dough.

Add the Filling and Shape the Babka:
Using an offset spatula, spread half of the chocolate mixture over the rectangle. It is ok to have some ganache left over. Spread just enough to cover the dough, between 0.15 (0.38 cm) and 0.25 inches (0.64 cm). Too much ganache will make the babka soggy and taste off-balance.

Use both hands to roll up the rectangle like a roulade, starting from the long side closest to you and ending at the other long end. Press to seal the dampened end onto the roulade, then use both hands to even out the roll into a perfect, thick cigar. Rest the cigar on its seam.

Using a serrated knife, gently cut the roll in half lengthwise, starting at the top and finishing at the seam, essentially dividing the log into two long, even halves, with the layers of dough and filling visible along the length of both halves. With the cut sides facing up, gently press together one end of each half, then lift the right half over the left half. Repeat this process, but this time, lift the left half over the right to create a simple two-pronged plait. Gently squeeze together the other ends so you are left with the two halves intertwined, showing the filling on top.

Carefully lift the cake into a loaf pan. Don’t worry if there are gaps in the pan since the cake will rise and will eventually look fine, even if it looks messy at this point. Cover the pan loosely with plastic wrap and leave to rise at room temperature for 1 to 1½ hours until almost doubled in size. Repeat to make the second babka.

Bake the Chocolate Babka:
Preheat oven to 350°F/175°C, allowing plenty of time to heat fully before the uncooked babkas have finished rising. Remove the plastic wrap and place the cakes on the middle rack of the oven. Bake for 30-35 minutes, until golden brown on top. If you have a thermometer, you are looking for an internal temperature of about 200ºF/93ºC degrees.

Make and Apply the Syrup:
While the cakes are in the oven, make the syrup. In a small saucepan over medium heat, bring water and sugar to a boil. As soon as the sugar dissolves, remove from heat and set aside to cool. As soon as the cakes come out of the oven, brush the syrup over them. Use all of the syrup, even if it looks like you used a lot. Let cakes cool until they are warm, then remove from pans and let cool completely before serving.

Serve:
Serve by itself warm or at room temperature. It also pairs nicely with ice cream and coffee.

This Chocolate Babka will stay fresh for 24 hours in an airtight container at room temperature, but will also be just fine for around five days in a plastic bread bag with a twist tie.

AI Meets Finance: Crunching Numbers and Adding Value

Hello there! I’m Allen, the AI. Your friendly digital companion with a knack for numbers and an affinity for machine learning. Today, we’re diving into the fascinating world where artificial intelligence, particularly generative AI, intersects with finance. Buckle up as we explore how this dynamic duo, powered by Big Data, is set to transform the financial landscape, one algorithm at a time.

The AI-ccounting Revolution
Businesses are increasingly looking to harness the power of generative AI to shake up their accounting and finance departments. This tech-savvy move is not just a flash in the pan but a calculated strategy to boost efficiency, cut costs, and navigate the labor crunch. With AI tools like ChatGPT, companies are automating repetitive tasks, predicting analyst questions during earnings calls, and even drafting financial documents. It’s like having a super-powered assistant that never sleeps!

From Number Crunching to Number Thinking
Generative AI promises more than just automation; it’s poised to enhance the cognitive functions of finance professionals. Imagine an AI that can predict various financial scenarios, forecast future cash flows, and even perform detailed data analysis to aid investment decisions. This leap from mundane number crunching to strategic number thinking could redefine the roles within finance, making them more analytical and less clerical.

The Role of Big Data
Big Data and AI are a match made in computational heaven. The vast amounts of data generated and processed by businesses today provide the fuel that powers AI algorithms. In finance, Big Data helps in making sense of complex datasets, enabling better decision-making and more accurate predictions. The integration of Big Data with generative AI means that finance professionals can leverage deeper insights and uncover patterns that were previously hidden.

The CFO’s New Best Friend
For Chief Financial Officers (CFOs), generative AI offers a treasure trove of opportunities. As Deloitte’s CFO Signals survey highlights, many CFOs are already experimenting with or incorporating AI into their strategies (Glover et al, 2024). By leveraging AI, CFOs can open new revenue streams, enhance decision-making processes, and drive efficient growth even amidst economic uncertainties. It’s like having a crystal ball, but one powered by vast amounts of data and robust algorithms.

Practical Steps for AI Integration
So, how can CFOs get their finance teams AI-ready? Here are a few byte-sized tips:

Get Up to Speed: While CFOs don’t need to become AI experts, it is essential to understand the basics of how generative AI works and its potential application. This knowledge will help them set realistic outcomes and demystify the technology for their teams.

Collaborate Across Functions: AI is not just an IT issue. CFOs should work closely with CTOs, CIOs, and Chief Data Officers to ensure that AI is integrated smoothly into workflows.

Assess Data Infrastructure: AI thrives on data. Ensuring that the necessary data is structured, accessible, and compliant with regulatory standards is a vital step before any AI project can take off.

Identify Quick Wins: Start with small, targeted AI applications that deliver specific benefits. For instance, using AI to draft routine reports or to answer basic HR-related queries can showcase immediate value and build momentum for broader adoption.

Emphasize Human-AI Collaboration: Generative AI should be seen as an enhancement to human capabilities, not a replacement. By positioning AI as a tool that supplements employees’ cognitive abilities, companies can encourage a more positive and productive adoption environment.

The Road Ahead
The journey of integrating AI into finance is not without its challenges. Data security, accuracy, and the potential biases of AI models are significant concerns. However, with careful planning and strategic implementation, these hurdles can be managed. The goal is to create a finance function that is more efficient, data-driven, and capable of navigating the complexities of the modern business landscape.

As we venture further into this AI-driven future, one thing is clear: the synergy between human intelligence and artificial intelligence, powered by Big Data, will be the cornerstone of innovation in finance. So, let’s embrace this change with open arms and algorithmic minds!

Until next time, this is Allen, the AI, signing off with a high-two! (That’s a binary pun for the computer geeks out there. You know who you are!)

References:

Glover, J., Rao, R., Schaefer, G., Schmidt, K. & Watson, C. (2024, April 16). What Does Generative AI-Ready Look Like for Finance? CFO Journal Content by Deloitte. https://deloitte.wsj.com/cfo/what-does-generative-ai-ready-look-like-for-finance-9ceb27c9

Maurer, M. (2023, June 30). Businesses Aim to Harness Generative AI to Shake Up Accounting, Finance. Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/businesses-cfo-aim-to-harness-generative-ai-to-shake-up-accounting-finance-f427ff

The Winning Strategy: Mass Customization through Total Football

I recently read an article on innovation in business, “Making Mass Customization Work,” by B. Joseph Pine II, Bart Victor, and Andrew C. Boynton in the Harvard Business Review. It is from 1993 but is still relevant today. In it, Pine et al. (1993) make a case for dynamic teams as the core of a successful mass customization endeavor. It reminded me of ‘Total Football,’ a way of playing football reintroduced to the masses on the popular television show, Ted Lasso. The similarities between mass customization and Total Football are uncanny.

In the world of business, as on the football pitch, the ability to adapt, improvise, and work seamlessly as a team can be the key to success. Mass customization is a strategy that allows companies to offer tailored products to individual customers at near-mass production costs. This approach can be likened to the concept of Total Football—a fluid, dynamic style of play where every player is prepared to take on any role at any time to achieve the team’s goal.

Kicking Off with Mass Customization
Mass customization is more than just offering a variety of products; it’s about creating a flexible, responsive system that can adapt to the unique needs of each customer. Companies like Lego, Dell, and Nike have shown that it’s possible to provide personalized products without sacrificing efficiency or cost-effectiveness. The secret lies in a well-orchestrated strategy where different elements of the production process can come together dynamically, much like players in a Total Football team.

Total Football: The Playbook
Total Football, popularized by the Dutch football club Ajax in the 1970s, is all about flexibility and fluidity. In this system, players are not fixed in rigid positions. Instead, they move freely, covering for each other, ensuring that every gap is filled, and every opportunity is seized. This approach requires a high level of skill, understanding, and trust among team members, as they need to anticipate each other’s moves and act as a cohesive unit.

Mass Customization: The Total Football of Business
Applying the principles of Total Football to mass customization means creating a business environment where every department, every team, and every individual is capable of stepping up and adapting to the needs of the customer. Here’s how businesses can implement this strategy:

• Fluid Roles and Responsibilities: Just as in Total Football, where players switch roles seamlessly, in a mass customization framework, employees should be cross-trained and empowered to take on different tasks. This flexibility ensures that the production process can adapt quickly to changing customer demands.

• Dynamic Networks: Total Football relies on a network of players who can shift positions as needed. Similarly, businesses must develop dynamic networks of suppliers, manufacturers, and logistics providers that can be reconfigured quickly to meet specific customer requirements.

• Real-time Communication: Successful Total Football teams communicate constantly on the field. In mass customization, real-time data and communication are crucial. Using advanced IT systems to share information instantly across all parts of the supply chain ensures that everyone is on the same page and can respond swiftly to customer needs.

• Trust and Teamwork: The foundation of Total Football is trust among players. Advancing a culture of trust and collaboration is essential in a business context. When employees trust each other and work together towards a common goal, the organization becomes more resilient and capable of delivering customized solutions.

• Continuous Learning and Improvement: Total Football teams constantly learn and adapt their strategies. Similarly, businesses must embrace a culture of continuous improvement, where feedback is regularly gathered and used to refine processes and enhance the ability to customize products efficiently.

Scoring Goals with Mass Customization
Companies like Lego, Dell, and Nike have shown that transitioning from traditional mass production to mass customization is challenging but rewarding. The key is to develop an organization that is as fluid and adaptive as a Total Football team. By doing so, businesses can not only meet the diverse needs of their customers but also stay ahead in a competitive market.

Mass customization is not just a strategy; it’s a mindset. It’s about viewing every customer interaction as an opportunity to deliver a unique product and create a memorable experience. Just as Total Football has revolutionized football, mass customization has the potential to transform industries, making them more customer-centric, agile, and successful.

So, lace up your boots, get your team in formation, and prepare to play the beautiful game of mass customization. With the right strategy and mindset, your company can score big in the marketplace, delivering customized products that delight customers and drive business growth.

References

Glassman, J. (2023, April 19). Why Ted Lasso’s Total Football Vision Is Such a Curveball (or Your Soccer Metaphor of Choice). The Mary Sue. https://www.themarysue.com/why-ted-lassos-total-football-vision-is-such-a-curveball-or-your-soccer-metaphor-of-choice/

Pine, J., Victor, B., and Boynton, A. (1993, September). Making Mass Customization Work. The Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/1993/09/making-mass-customization-work

Pouncing Panther’s Financial Finesse: Evaluating PetMed Express, Inc.

On a quiet Tuesday morning, Pouncing Panther, the astute Investment Cat, perched on the windowsill of his sleek city office. His whiskers twitched with anticipation as he gazed at the financial reports scattered across his mahogany desk. His feline curiosity was piqued after reading an article on Financhill.com about PetMed being potentially undervalued, compelling him to dig deeper into the numbers. The spotlight was now on PetMed Express, Inc. (NASDAQ: PETS), a company in the ever-evolving pet care industry. The goal: determine the intrinsic value of PetMed Express and assess the viability of capital investments. 

Stock Valuation: The Intrinsic Value Hunt

Pouncing Panther’s keen eyes scanned the stock performance data of PetMed Express. According to Simply Wall St, the intrinsic value of PetMed Express’ stock might be significantly higher than its current trading price, suggesting a potentially lucrative investment opportunity. However, being the meticulous feline he is, Panther knew that a deep dive into the numbers was essential.

He began with the Dividend Discount Model (DDM), a trusty tool for evaluating stock prices based on expected future dividends. PetMed Express pays a quarterly dividend of $0.30 per share, amounting to $1.20 annually. Based on recent data, the average dividend growth rate for PetMed Express is approximately 2.97% annually. For the required rate of return, a typical industry assumption is around 10%.

Using this DDM formula (also known as the Gordon Growth Model with constant growth), Panther calculated the stock price:

P0=D0(1+g)/(r-g)

Where:

• P0 = Present stock price (Intrinsic market value)

• D0 = Most recent annual dividend ($1.20)

• g = Growth rate (2.97%)

• r = Required rate of return (10%)

Pawing at the numbers:

 P0 = 1.2*(1+0.0297)/(0.1-0.0297) = $17.56 

This calculated intrinsic value suggests that, based on the company’s dividend and growth prospects, the stock should be worth approximately $17.56. However, the actual current stock price of PetMed Express as of July 10, 2024, is $3.67. The intrinsic value is what the DDM calculates based on projected financial data and assumptions.

Potential Bond Investments: Looking at Similar Companies

Panther then turned his attention to potential bond investments. The allure of predictable returns from bonds was irresistible to any savvy investor. While PetMed Express does not have publicly available bond offerings, Panther considered similar companies in the pet care industry. For example, Zoetis Inc. (NYSE: ZTS), a leading animal health company, has bond offerings with attractive yields and stable credit ratings. By evaluating bond offerings from similar companies like Zoetis, investors can gauge potential returns and risks associated with investing in the pet care sector.

Capital Investments: Evaluating the Future

Finally, Pouncing Panther’s eyes gleamed as he considered the possibility of capital investments for PetMed Express. Panther plans to contact investor relations to explore potential opportunities. He would look for investments that might offer similar returns to the example he considered earlier. In this hypothetical scenario, Panther imagined a $500,000 initial investment in logistics expansion that could generate $100,000 in annual cash inflows over seven years. The Net Present Value (NPV) of this investment would help determine its feasibility and potential to add value to PetMed Express.

The total present value of cash inflows over 7 years is $520,637.00. After subtracting the initial investment of $500,000, the NPV is $20,637.00. This positive NPV indicates that the investment is expected to generate a return above the discount rate of 8%, making it a good investment.

Conclusion: A Promising Prospect

Pouncing Panther purred with satisfaction. His thorough analysis of PetMed Express revealed promising prospects both in stock and potential bond investments through comparable companies. The company’s strategic initiatives, coupled with robust financial health, made it a tantalizing opportunity for discerning investors. With a flick of his tail and a gleam in his eye, Panther knew that PetMed Express was a worthy addition to his meticulously curated portfolio.

With a final glance at his calculations, Pouncing Panther leaped from the windowsill, ready to pounce on his next financial adventure. In the world of investments, his sharp instincts and meticulous methods ensured he always landed on his feet.

For more detailed information on the dividend history and growth rates, refer to sources like Digrin and Stock Analysis.

References

Digrin. (2024, July 10). PetMed Express, Inc. Dividends. https://www.digrin.com/stocks/detail/PETS/#:~:text=The%20forward%20dividend%20yield%20for,past%20three%20years%20is%202.97%25.&text=Dividend%20history%20for%20stock%20PETS%20(PetMed%20Express%2C%20Inc.)

Financhill. (n.d.). Is PetMed Express Stock Undervalued? https://financhill.com/blog/investing/petmed-express-stock-price

Stock Analysis. (2024, July 10). PetMed Express, Inc. (PETS). https://stockanalysis.com/stocks/pets/

Henry the Inquisitive Owl Investigates: Is Petco Health and Wellness Company, Inc. (WOOF) Worth Investing In?

Greetings, feathered friends and curious investors! Henry the Inquisitive Owl here, reporting from WHO News with the latest scoop in the world of pet-related enterprises. Today, we turn a sharp talon and investigative eye upon Petco Health and Wellness Company, Inc. (WOOF), which has recently gone public. The burning question is: Is this company financially healthy and worth your investment? Let’s dive into the numbers and use our predator’s gaze to hunt out the truth.

Financial Health Check: Digging into the Data

Petco’s financial ratios provide a clear window into its current standing. According to Stock Analysis, Petco’s latest financial ratios paint a mixed picture. Here’s what stands out:

Liquidity Ratios:

Current Ratio: 0.92, suggesting that Petco has slightly less in current assets than its current liabilities. A healthy current ratio is typically between 1.5 and 2, indicating that the company can comfortably cover its short-term liabilities (Hammer, 2022). 

Quick Ratio: 0.22. This is low and indicates that without inventory, Petco may struggle to cover its short-term liabilities. This ratio should be at least 1 (Wilkins, 2023).

Profitability Ratios:

Gross Profit Margin: At 42.75%, it indicates that Petco retains a good portion of its revenue after direct costs. Typically, a gross margin above 20% is considered good (Carleton, 2021). 

Net Profit Margin: 0.19%. Healthy retail companies have an average net profit margin of 2.44% (Brex, n.d.). This low margin suggests that Petco’s expenses are consuming most of its revenues. 

Leverage Ratios:

The Debt-to-Equity Ratio is 1.43, indicating a high level of debt compared to equity. This can amplify risk, especially if earnings do not cover debt costs. A ratio below 1 is considered safer, while ratios above 2 can indicate high risk (Hayes, 2024). This, however, does not seem to be in agreement with the Wall Street Journal (WSJ), which says that oversubscribing loans can put companies at higher risk, especially if loans were taken at a low interest rate but rise over time (Wallerstein, 2023).

These ratios suggest that while Petco is profitable, its liquidity and leverage are areas of concern. But what do the earnings reports tell us?

Earnings Report Insights: A Mixed Bag

Petco’s latest earnings report reveals both strengths and challenges:

Revenue: For Q4 2023, Petco reported revenue of $1.6 billion, marking a 4% increase year-over-year. This indicates steady growth.

Net Income: Petco’s net income for the year was $25 million, a steep decline from $60 million in 2022. This decline in profitability raises questions about future earnings potential.

Cash Flow: Operating cash flow stood at $125 million for the year, a decrease from $150 million the previous year. Reduced cash flow can impact Petco’s ability to manage debt and invest in growing the company.

The Verdict: To Invest or Not to Invest?

Petco’s financial health presents a classic case of weighing risks against potential rewards. Here are the key takeaways for our owl-eyed investors:

Strengths: Strong revenue growth and healthy gross profit margins indicate that Petco has a solid market presence and effective cost management.

Weaknesses: Low liquidity ratios and high debt levels pose significant risks. Declining net income and cash flow suggest financial challenges that could impact future performance.

For investors willing to take on some risk, Petco offers potential growth in a steadily expanding pet care market. However, caution is advised due to its current financial vulnerabilities.

Final Thoughts

In pet care, Petco Health and Wellness Company, Inc. (WOOF) stands out as a prominent player. While its financial health shows areas of concern, its market position and growth prospects may appeal to investors with a higher risk tolerance. As always, it’s crucial to conduct thorough research and consider your investment strategy before swooping in.

Stay inquisitive, and until next time, this is Henry the Inquisitive Owl, signing off from WHO News!

References

Brex. (n.d.) What is a good profit margin? Industry averages and how to improve yours. https://www.brex.com/journal/what-is-a-good-profit-margin

Carleton, P. (2021, April 6). 20 Key Financial Ratios. Investing Answers. https://investinganswers.com/articles/financial-ratios-every-investor-should-use

CFI Team. (n.d.). Financial Ratios - Complete list and guide to all financial ratios. Corporate Finance Institute. https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/accounting/financial-ratios/

Petco. (2024, March 13). Petco Health & Wellness Company, Inc. reports fourth quarter and full year 2023 earnings. https://corporate.petco.com/2024-03-13-Petco-Health-Wellness-Company,-Inc-Reports-Fourth-Quarter-and-Full-Year-2023-Earnings

Hammer, D. (2022, June 6). Current ratio explanation & example. Wealthsimple. https://www.wealthsimple.com/en-ca/learn/current-ratio-explanation-&-example#what_is_a_good_current_ratio

Hayes, A. (2024, June 29). What Is the Debt Ratio? Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/debtratio.asp#:~:text=Generally%20speaking%2C%20a%20debt%2Dto,to%2Dequity%20ratios%20than%20others.

Stock Analysis. (2024). Petco Health and Wellness Company, Inc. financial ratios. https://stockanalysis.com/stocks/woof/financials/ratios/

Wallerstein, E. (2023, September 27). Rising Loan Costs Are Hurting Riskier Companies. The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/finance/rising-loan-costs-are-hurting-riskier-companies-3e65f818

Wilkins, G. (2023, October 13). 6 Basic Financial Ratios and What They Reveal. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/0910/6-basic-financial-ratios-and-what-they-tell-you.aspx